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Russia’s Federal Security Service announced Wednesday that Pavel Durov, the founder of popular messaging application Telegram, faces charges related to aiding terrorist organizations and has been placed on an international wanted list. Durov, who was born and established his career in Russia before relocating abroad, now faces this legal action as the Russian government intensifies restrictions on Telegram, a widely-used communication platform within the country.
The charges represent an escalation in Moscow’s broader campaign to consolidate state control over the internet, a push that has accelerated significantly following the nation’s full-scale military invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. According to the FSB’s statement, Telegram’s administration has failed to eliminate channels, chat groups, and automated bots that the agency claims Ukrainian intelligence services, terrorist groups, and extremist organizations utilize to plan and execute sabotage operations, terrorist attacks, mass violence, and cybercriminal schemes targeting Russia, resulting in significant loss of life.
The FSB further alleged that Ukrainian security agencies weaponized a dating chatbot available on Telegram to identify and recruit Russian citizens for sabotage and terrorist missions. The agency reported that 46 users of this chatbot, ranging in age from 12 to 22 years old, have been apprehended across Russian territory since July 2025.
Durov had previously disclosed that Russian authorities initiated criminal proceedings against him and contended that officials were manufacturing false justifications to block Telegram access as part of a systematic campaign to undermine privacy rights and freedom of expression. A conviction could result in a life sentence under Russian law.
The Kremlin has implemented comprehensive strategies to regulate internet access under Putin’s administration, including enacting restrictive legislation, blocking non-compliant platforms, and deploying advanced surveillance technologies. Tech giants including Facebook, Instagram, and X have been banned entirely, while YouTube has been slowed, and messaging services such as Signal and Viber have been restricted from operation within Russian borders.
WhatsApp and Telegram remain operational but face significant limitations, though virtual private network services can circumvent some restrictions, though many VPN tools themselves face regular blocking. Meanwhile, authorities actively promote MAX, a domestically-developed messaging platform that critics warn enables government surveillance, as it explicitly shares user data with state authorities upon request and lacks end-to-end encryption protections.
Durov has encountered legal complications internationally as well. In 2024, French authorities arrested him in Paris on allegations that Telegram facilitated illegal activities including narcotics trafficking and circulation of child sexual abuse material.
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